Qnexa is a proprietary drug formulation that incorporates the active ingredients from two previously approved products with proven weight loss properties - phentermine and topiramate. By combining the activity of each of these compounds in a once-daily, low-dose capsule formulation, Qnexa simultaneously targets appetite and satiety. The weight loss observed with Qnexa in the EQUIP and CONQUER clinical trials exceeded the weight loss observed for other agents reported in scientific literature. The most common side effects of Qnexa are itching, dry mouth, altered taste and constipation.

See also: Qnexa Review

Phentermine has been available for treating obesity since the 1950s and is still the most widely prescribed weight loss drug. Topiramate was approved in 1996 for treating epilepsy, and more recently as a prophylactic for migraine. The rationale behind Qnexa is to expand topiramate’s therapeutic window by using a low dose and combining it with phentermine. Topiramate works via GABA and other agonist properties and increases the sensation of fullness or satiety, while phentermine is noradrenergic and non-serotonergic, and reduces appetite.

Phentermine is released into the body immediately and helps reduce appetite. It was a major component of the recalled diet drug fen-phen, which was linked to heart and lung problems and was taken off the market ion 1997. Topiramate is time released and used in very low doses to give patients a feeling of satiety.

Side effects of Qnexa

Qnexa is claimed by the manufacturer to be well tolerated. The most common side effects are itching, dry mouth, altered taste and constipation.

Reported drug-related adverse events for depression and altered mood were 1.9% for full-dose Qnexa, 0.9% for the mid-dose and 1.8% for placebo patients.

The most common side effects reported by patients given a half-dose of Qnexa (7.5 mg of phentermine plus 46 mg of Topamax) or a full-dose of Qnexa (15 mg of phentermine plus 92 mg of Topamax) were:

• 15-20% reported a feeling of “pins and needles” on the skin versus 3% in the placebo group
• 12-18% reported dry mouth versus 0% in the placebo group
• 8-15% reported altered taste versus 0% in the placebo group
• 6-11% reported constipation versus 6 percent in the placebo group
• 0.9-1.9% reported depression and altered mood versus 1.8 percent in the placebo group

Qnexa and depression

Depression, or depressed mood adverse events of a moderate to severe nature, were less than 2% and were similar among patients in the Qnexa and placebo groups.

Qnexa and behaviour change and suicide attempts

There were no suicide attempts or suicidal behaviors, and there was no signal for suicidal ideation across all Qnexa treatment groups including the placebo. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) previously put out a warning that Topamax (topiramate) increases the risk of suicidal thoughts.

Qnexa discontinuation rates

Overall in clinical studies, discontinuation rates due to adverse cognitive events were low and the events were generally mild to moderate and reversible with discontinuation of treatment. There was one severe event in the treatment arm and one in the placebo arm that led to discontinuation. Discontinuation rates for these various cognitive-related events were low and all occurred at a frequency of less than 1%. This rate is considerably lower than the 3% discontinuation rate reported for Topamax (topiramate).

Qnexa ingredients

Qnexa is a propriety formulation. The key ingredients are topiramate and phentermine.

Qnexa is currently being evaluated in clinical studies at 3 different doses:

• Full strength: 92mg of topiramate/15 mg of phentermine
• Mid dose: 46mg of topiramate/7.5mg of phentermine
• Low dose: 23 mg of topiramate/3.75mg of phentermine

Reference

Press Releases from Vivus Inc. http://ir.vivus.com

Clinicallix is a high caffeine diet pill containing guarana and yerba mate. Taken at the recommended dosage this amounts to approximately 400 mg of caffeine or about 5 cups of coffee every day. Dieters who are sensitive to caffeine or other stimulants may experience side effects. Clinicallix can cause restlessness, anxiety and insomnia due to its high caffeine content.

See also: Clinicallix Review

Clinicallix dosage

Each bottle of Clinicallix contains 300 capsules and lasts for 30 days. The recommended dosage is 5 capsules taken twice daily, at 30 minutes before breakfast and lunch. The manufacturer indicates that the recommended dosage of Clinicallix should not be exceeded.

Clinicallix ingredients

Clinicallix contains 3 ‘compounds’. Each 5 capsule serving consists of:

Compound 1

Guarana (750 mg). Guarana is a common ingredient in many popular stimulant-based weight loss pills. It is included primarily for its caffeine content (caffeine is a potent thermogenic agent) but it also has anti-oxidant and diuretic properties. Harvested in Brazil and Uraguay, this wild-growing climbing shrub has been used for centuries as a general health-tonic and recently as an energizing drink. Guarana may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Side effects can include: anxiety; diarrhea; headache; increased urination; nausea; nervousness; shakiness; tremors; trouble sleeping; upset stomach; and vomiting.

Yerba Mate (400 mg). A South American shrub that contains the xanthine alkaloids caffeine, theobromine and theophylline. Yerba mate contains about half the caffeine of coffee. Theobromine and theophylline are stimulants, although they have a less potent effect on the central nervous system (CNS) than caffeine. Flushing, nausea, vomiting, irritability, nervousness, increased urination and headache may occur with yerba mate. If any of these effects persist or worsen, contact your doctor promptly. Stronger but very infrequent side effects include stomach pain, yellowing eyes and skin, dark urine, fever, muscle twitching and unusually fast/slow/irregular heartbeat.

Damiana (200 mg). A shrub that grows in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Damiana herb has been used as a general tonic for both men and women, particularly when hormone-related conditions are present. The herb also has antidepressant, anti-anxiety, diuretic and mild laxative effects. Damiana is relatively safe in regular doses, although the long term effects of Damiana use have not been evaluated. Damiana does have a traditional background as an abortive and therefore should not be taken during pregnancy. Damiana does have a mild hypoglycemic effect so those on diabetes medication or those who suffer from hypoglycemia must use caution with this supplement. Damiana may interfere with the body’s absorption of iron, so iron levels must be monitored while on this herb. The safety of this supplement in children has not been tested so it should not be used.

Compound 2

Glucomannan (1000 mg). This is essentially a soluble fiber supplement. Studies have shown that glucomannan can promote weight loss by absorbing dietary fats. Glucomannan can bind with and hinder the absorption of certain nutrients, meaning that it may adversely influence the effectiveness of the other ingredients in this formula.

Compound 3

Garcinia cambogia fruit extract (1500 mg). The active ingredient in Garcinia cambogia is hydroxycitric acid (HCA). This fruit is native to India and has been a part of the diet there for centuries. Numerous studies have concluded that HCA causes no adverse side effects and that the quantity and quality of scientific evidence is sufficient to support the safe, supplemental use of HCA at doses of up to 2,800 mg daily. There are no known medication interactions associated with the use of HCA. However, patients taking oral hypoglycemic agents are advised to use caution before using HCA, due to the possibility of exacerbating the action of hypoglycemic medications. Consult a physician before commencing use. Individuals diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus should use extreme caution in taking HCA/Garcinia cambogia due to its glycemic action. Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease or other dementia syndromes should also avoid using HCA. Pending additional research HCA is viewed as safe and non-toxic for most healthy adult individuals.

Gymnema sylvestre (75 mg). This is a woody climbing plant native to tropical regions of India. Its bitter leaves can eliminate the ability to taste sugar, thereby reducing cravings for sugar. Gymnema sylvestre has been used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine since the 6th century B.C. No side effects have been reported, but researchers have not established whether this herb is absolutely safe for pregnant women or during lactation.

Chromium polynicotinate (250 mcg). Chromium plays an important role in insulin production, which is key to the regulation of blood sugar levels. Chromium is also involved in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Chromium has reported side effects, even when taken in low doses of 200-400 mcg per day. These side effects include headaches, insomnia and sleep disturbances. Irritability, mood change, and some weight gain may also occur. There have been cognitive, perceptual and motor dysfunction reported in some extreme cases. A high dose of chromium, 600-2400 mcg per day, may cause anemia, thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, hepatic dysfunction and renal failure.

The manufacturers of Relacore claim that the product has no known negative side effects. However, side effects reported on the internet from individuals who have used Relacore include hair loss, heart palpitations, blurred vision, blood pressure increase, drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, headaches, acne and welts.

As Relacore advertising suggests, you should get your healthcare professional’s approval before using the product. If your doctor suspects that you have a high level of cortisol that is contributing to weight gain, tests may be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Measures taken in an effort to reduce cortisol levels in individuals who currently do not have an unhealthy cortisol level may present health risks. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should not take Relacore.

The manufacturers of Relacore claim that it has no known ‘negative’ side effects. However, side effects reported on the internet from individuals who have used Relacore include:

• Hair Loss
• Weight Gain
• Heart Palpitations
• Blurred Vision
• Blood Pressure Fluxuation
• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Headaches
• Acne
• Welts
• Disruption in the menses including severe cramping, irregular cycles, lengthy periods.
• Severe muscle weakness in limbs
• Difficultly sleeping - both insomnia and feeling tired
• Joint pain
• Swelling
• Difficulty concentrating

See also: Relacore review

How does Relacore work?

Relacore is a product that claims that weight gain is the result of excess stress. It has been designed to combat a stress hormone known as cortisol. This hormone is involved in a number of key processes in the body, for example glucose metabolism, blood pressure, immune function and inflammation. In times of stress the body can produce an excessive amount of cortisol. At high levels, cortisol can negatively affect cognitive performance, suppress thyroid function, cause blood sugar imbalances and promote the production of fat.

Relacore ingredients

Relacore contains the following ingredients: Vitamin C, Calcium, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Biotin, Pantothenic Acid, Magnesium, Relacortin - a Proprietary Blend of: Magnolia (bark), SE, Passion Flower, (herb) SE, Scutellaria (root) SE, Niacinamide, DHEA, Panax Ginseng (root), Pinella (tuber), Poria (fungus), Jujuba (fruit), Perilla (leaf), Phosphotidylserine.

Relacore dosage

Each bottle contains 90 capsules (30 days supply).

Some users of the Lean System 7 have reported stomach aches, jittery feelings, nausea, insomnia, gas and occasionally, severe diarrhea. Even though Lean System 7 might work effectively for many users without serious side effects, the product has a high caffeine content. Yerba mate, green tea and guarana are all ingredients that contain caffeine. There are 700 milligrams of guarana and 500 milligrams of yerba mate in each of bottle of Lean System 7. Another ingredient, Citrus aurantium, is a component that could pose a health risk, as it may cause cardiovascular problems in high doses.

See also: Lean System 7 Review

Lean System 7 pros

• Positive internet testimonials outnumber the negative ones
• If Lean System 7 is purchased direct from the official website there is a 60-day unconditional money back guarantee
• ISatori, the manufacturer of Lean System 7 is an ethical and credible company

Lean System 7 cons

• Lean System 7 has a high caffeine content and can cause adverse side effects
• Lean System 7 is not regulated by the FDA, MHRA etc

Lean System 7 ingredients

Lean System 7 contains a proprietary blend of 7 fat burning herbal compounds. The exact blend differs slightly depending on the country where Lean System 7 is bought. The Lean System 7 formula contains:

Green tea: There is some evidence that green tea can promote weight loss (Mol Nutr Food Res 2006;50: 176-87; Am J Clin Nutr 81: 122-129; Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 2000;24: 252-8; The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1999;70: 1040-5). Green tea contains caffeine. Users sensitive to caffeine could experience any of the following side effects: restlessness; irritability; sleeping problems; tremors; heart palpitations; loss of appetite; upset stomach; nausea; frequent urination; and skin rash.

Guarana: Guarana may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Side effects can include: Anxiety; diarrhea; headache; increased urination; nausea; nervousness; shakiness; tremors; trouble sleeping; upset stomach; vomiting.

Yerba mate: Flushing, nausea, vomiting, irritability, nervousness, increased urination and headache may occur with yerba mate. If any of these effects persist or worsen, contact your doctor promptly. Stronger but very infrequent side effects include stomach pain, yellowing eyes and skin, dark urine, fever, muscle twitching, unusually fast/slow/irregular heartbeat.

Citrus aurantium: Theoretically, Citrus aurantium extracts should promote fat burning since its active ingredients (synephrine and phenylephrine) are both sympathetic alpha agonists. This plant contains synephrine. There are studies that indicate that Synephrine can elevate blood pressure and heart rate (e.g. Ann. Pharmacother. [2006] 40(1):53-7).

Dandelion root/leaf: This plant is also included in the formulation for its diuretic properties. Dandelion is generally considered to be a relatively gentle herb without any serious side effects. However, some people have reported allergic reactions from merely touching dandelion but this is rare. Patients who are on pharmaceutical diuretics or drugs that have a diuretic action should not take supplements containing dandelion. In such cases, one of the possible side effects/interactions of dandelion is that it could lower the potency of the synthetic drug. Individuals on diabetes medications should also be aware that dandelion might increase the blood sugar lowering effects of those pharmaceutical drugs.

Bioperine: Bioperine is a standardized extract from the fruit of Piper nigrum L (black pepper), or Piper longum L (long pepper), that contains 95 percent Piperine. Piperine, in the patented form of Bioperine increases the body’s natural thermogenic activity. It also enhances the body’s absorption of nutrients. No significant Bioperine side effects have been reported so far. Minor gastrointestinal discomfort or GI symptoms may occur with high doses of Bioperine. Studies have not been carried out to determine the side effects of chronic supplementation with Bioperine.

Fucus nodosus (standardized to 10% fucoxanthan): Fucoxanthin is a type of carotenoid found naturally in edible brown seaweed and used in some weight loss products. It is claimed that fucoxanthin can boost metabolism and stimulate fat burning. Because there have been no clinical studies with Fucoxanthin, potential side effects are not known. It should be noted that large amounts of Wakame, or other types of seaweed, should not be consumed as a source of Fucoxanthin. Seaweed is rich in iodine and excessive consumption may result in iodine poisoning. High levels of iodine can interfere with the function of the thyroid gland. Also, consuming excess amounts of iodine-rich foods is not recommended if there is a known allergy or hypersensitivity to iodine.

Pomegranate extract: Studies on pomegranates for medical uses are few. Preliminary animal studies show promising results with this extract for weight loss. For most people, pomegranates do not cause significant side effects. However, allergic reactions are possible, even in people who have eaten pomegranates for years. Because these reactions can be quite dangerous, it is important to know the possible signs and symptoms. These can include: an unexplained rash, hives, or itching; wheezing or difficulty breathing; swelling of the lips, mouth, tongue, or throat; difficulty swallowing. Seek medical attention immediately if you think you may be having an allergic reaction to pomegranates.

7-Keto-DHEA: This is a naturally occurring metabolite of DHEA, a steroid hormone produced in the body, and believed to enhance metabolism. Because 7-keto-DHEA cannot trigger potentially dangerous levels of estrogen and testosterone in the body, which can occur in some patients who use DHEA, scientists now consider that 7-keto DHEA may be a safer alternative.

Some users of Curvelle have reported side effects that include upset stomach and jitteriness. Diet pills may contain ingredients that interact with other medications. If taking prescription drug or herbal medications, consult a medical professional for advice before taking Curvelle. Weight loss pills such as Curvelle are not FDA-approved for weight loss. Curvelle contains caffeine. Since caffeine is a stimulant, do not take Curvelle within 4 hours of sleeping. If taking Curvelle, reduce caffeine intake from other sources. Too much caffeine can cause nervousness, jittery feelings and heart palpitations.

What is Curvelle?

Curvelle is a fat burner designed specifically for women. Curvelle claims to control sugar cravings, burn excess calories and contain antioxidants to enhance health and radiance. Although the manufacturer claims that Curvelle is an effective fat burner and appetite suppressant, the ingredients do not appear particularly potent.

See also: Curvelle Fat Burner for Women

Curvelle ingredients

Curvelle contains a proprietary blend of 683 mg of ingredients that include:

Cinnulin PF: An extract from cinnamon bark that is believed to be able to balance the sugar levels in the bloodstream. Stabilization of insulin function is of great importance to slimmers. It is rapidly fluctuating blood sugar levels and the subsequent craving for sweet foods that hampers the efforts of many dieters. High doses of cinnamon have actually been demonstrated to be toxic, but Cinnulin PF has been tested clinically and shown to be safe to ingest daily.

Green tea: Contains caffeine that speeds up the body’s metabolic rate. The combination of green tea (standardized for caffeine and ECGC) and caffeine has been demonstrated to promote weight loss (Obes Res. 2005; 13: 1195-204). Users sensitive to caffeine could experience any of the following side effects: restlessness, irritability, sleeping problems, tremors, heart palpitations, loss of appetite, upset stomach, nausea, frequent urination and skin rash.

Razberi K: This compound is a ketone found in red raspberries. It is believed to help reduce body fat by decreasing dietary fat absorption in the small intestine, and stimulate increased production of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine which promotes the breakdown of fat stored in cells. There are no reported side effects in taking Razberi K.

Slow release natural caffeine: This variant of caffeine is incorporated in Curvelle. As good as this may be, dieters who are especially sensitive to caffeine should be careful when considering using Curvelle. This diet pill contains caffeine at a dosage equivalent to 3 cups of coffee. Excess caffeine may cause jitters, insomnia, headaches, increased heart rate and blood pressure.

Elderberry extract: This extract is rich in anthocyanins and antioxidants which have been shown to improve health and help fight oxidative stress in the body. There are no recognized adverse effects, although data is limited. It is suggested that a diuretic of elderberry extract may result in hypokalemia, but this has not been scientifically studied. There are no recognized drug interactions in taking elderberry extract. The stems, roots, unripe berries, and seeds may contain cyanide, and could cause vomiting and severe diarrhea if chewed or eaten uncooked. Ripe berries are safe when prepared for use in foods.

Curvelle dosage

Each container of Curvelle contains 100 capsules. Isotori, the manufacturers of this product, suggest taking two capsules before breakfast and lunch, as well as two before exercise.

There are several stimulants in the weight loss formula of the Fat Burner by Size 0 Labs. The caffeine, green coffee bean, green tea and Cha de Bugre all include stimulants that have been reported to cause jitters, headaches, nausea, stomach problems and other health issues in some users.

See also: Size 0 Fat Burner Review

Size 0 ingredients

The relevant weight loss ingredients in Size 0 are as follows:

Caffeine anhydrous: This compound is a thermogenic agent with clinically proven benefits for weight loss. Caffeine may cause jitters, insomnia, headaches, increased heart rate and raised blood pressure.

Green tea extract: There is evidence to indicate that green tea offers benefits to dieters. Studies have shown that the tea can elevate metabolism and inhibit the action of the enzyme amalyse. Users sensitive to caffeine could experience any of the following side effects: restlessness, irritability, sleeping problems, tremors, heart palpitations, loss of appetite, upset stomach, nausea, frequent urination and skin rash.

Green Coffee Bean Extract: Coffee made from green, unroasted coffee beans has recently been found to promote weight loss. The discovery parallels earlier research on green tea. Green coffee appears to have a more potent effect. There are two key types of compounds in unroasted coffee beans. The first is caffeine and the second is chlorogenic acid and its related compounds. Heating destroys the acids. Currently, there are no clinical studies on green coffee extract’s weight loss effects on humans. In human trials, no significant adverse effects have been seen. In theory, the caffeine content of green coffee bean extract could potentially cause problems for some people. However, since the compound only contains about 10% caffeine by weight, a high daily dose contains no more than about 20% of the caffeine content of a strong cup of coffee. Maximum safe doses in pregnant or nursing women, young children, or people with liver or kidney disease have not yet been established.

Naringin Citrus Extract: A powerful bioflavanoid found in grapefruit, giving it its bitter flavor. Naringin works synergistically with other nutrients, increasing their bio-availability and extending their effects in the body. This citrus extract also interferes with enzyme activity in the intestines, and therefore can inhibit the breakdown of certain drugs. Naringin has been shown to be non-toxic at levels many times greater than the recommended dosages. Even when taken daily, naringin seldom produces a significant allergic reaction. However, people who are allergic to citrus fruits should exercise caution in the use of naringin.

Cordia Salisifolia Extract: This extract, also known as Cha de Bugre, is becoming a common ingredient in weight loss products and supplements. While no significant side effects have been reported Cha de Bugre does contain caffeine.

Also present is cocoa extract, probably included as a mood enhancer.

In addition to the thermogenic complex in Size 0, there are three additional complexes:

Appetite Support Complex: A blend of Hoodia gordonii, jojoba seed extract and Griffonia simplicifolia seed extract.

Beauty Support Blend: A blend of biotin, collagen, choline, horsetail leaf extract, hyaluronic acid, inositol, l-cycsteine, l-methionine, coenzyme Q10, silica, and chamomile flower leaf extract.

Estrogen Support Complex: A blend of chaste tree berry, daidzen, dong quai root and vitex agnus castus.

Size 0 recommended dosage

Each bottle of Size 0 contains 100 tablets As a dietary supplement, the manufacturers recommend taking 1-2 tablets, 2-3 times daily, 30 minutes before eating, with 16 oz of water. Begin use with a lower dose to assess tolerance.

Many of the ingredients in LipoFuze can also be found in another controversial diet pill, Apidexin. The medicinal herbs and other natural ingredients that are typically found in weight loss products need to be present in a potent enough dosage to have any effect. As the proportion of each ingredient in LipoFuze is not disclosed, it is difficult to assess if they present in the required dosages to promote significant weight loss.

The effects of potential interaction between the 14 ingredients in LipoFuze have not been clinically evaluated. Internet reviews indicate that some users have reported headaches, nausea, insomnia, profuse sweating and increased heart rate after taking LipoFuze.

Related article: LipoFuze

LipoFuze ingredients

Lipofuze is fat burner which contains 6 patented and 4 clinically tested ingredients. The ingredients include:

ThermoDiamine: This ingredient is the patented form of evodiamine, a Chinese fruit that is claimed to burn fat by increasing the body’s production of heat and reducing the body’s ability to store fat. But no studies have been conducted in man so far. To date only an animal-based study has been carried out and there is no clinical data on whether or not evodiamine works in human subjects.

Razberi-K: Also known as raspberry ketone or 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl) butan-2-one, this ingredient is thought to enhance weight loss via the stimulation of norepinephrine. Razberi-K is said to aid fat oxidation, but studies on human beings have not convincingly proved its effectiveness. One study performed on rodents demonstrated that raspberry ketones prevented fat synthesis as well as the rise of blood triglycerides and overall, helped prevent excess weight gain. The chemical structure of raspberry ketone is similar to that of capsaicin and synephrine. Both of these compounds are well documented for their ability to boost thermogenesis through the release of norepinephrine. However, there are health risks with these two ingredients; synephrine has been shown to have dangerous cardiovascular side effects, while capsaicin has been demonstrated to cause gastrointestinal problems in many users. There are no documented side effects related to raspberry ketone consumption.

FucoPure: This is the patented version of fucoxanthin, a seaweed extract. There are a number of studies that demonstrate fucoxanthin’s ability to boost metabolism, but to date, they have all been carried out in pre-clinical studies on animals. It is also proven that, this ingredient cannot be absorbed by human body easily. Additionally, it has been shown clinically that compounds like fucoxanthin have low bioavailability in man (see Br J Nutr. 2008 Aug;100(2):273-7). One gram of seaweed has several times the amount of iodine that most adults require on a daily basis. Therefore, a potential fucoxanthin side effect could include changes in thyroid function due to iodine excess.

ForsLean: ForsLean is derived from the root of Coleaus forskohlii, which is native to warm temperate habitats including India, and is the only known plant source of the natural compound Forskolin. Amongst other effects, this compound is understood to increase lean body mass and help optimize body composition though cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) activation. A number (but not all) of clinical studies have indicated that Coleaus forskohlii may cause an increase in heart rate and a decrease in blood pressure.

GuggulEZ100: This is a patented extract of Commiphora mukul. Other common names are Gugalipids and Guggul. In India Guggul is used widely for the reduction of blood cholesterol. Guggul lowers cholesterol and triglyceride levels and helps maintain a healthy balance of HDL, the good cholesterol, relative to LDL, the bad cholesterol (the HDL/LDL ratio), thereby protecting against cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. A number of studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of Guggul. Researchers concluded that Guggal was safe and highly effective in lowering the various lipid fractions that are known to contribute to coronary heart disease. There is some clinical evidence to suggest that Guggul may promote fat burning (see J Postgrad Med. 1995 Jan-Mar;41(1):5-7) by stimulating the secretion of thyroid T3 hormone.

Green tea: Green tea has been shown to promote some weight loss. However, it needs to be used in relatively high concentration, and contain high levels of catechins. In Lipofuze, the amount of green tea present in the formulation is not indicated. Users sensitive to caffeine could experience any of the following side effects: restlessness, irritability, sleeping problems, tremors, heart palpitations, loss of appetite, upset stomach, nausea, frequent urination and skin rash.

Bioperine: This ingredient is a standardized extract from the fruit of Piper nigrum L (black pepper) or Piper longum L (long pepper). It contains 95 percent Piperine. Bioperine has been shown in clinical research to increase the absorption of ingredients in nutritional supplement formulations. Additional absorption, even if true, may or may not necessarily be beneficial. It is possible that the use of Bioperine may increase the side effects of certain supplements due to increased absorption.

Capsaicin: This compound is found in chile peppers. It is believed that capsaicin generates heat in the body thereby boosting the burning of calories. However, it appears that very high doses are required for it to be effective. Severe gastrointestinal side effects have been reported in patients ingesting capsaicin. While rare, serious allergic reactions to capsaicin can occur. Contact a physician immediately should difficulty breathing, skin rash, hives, swelling of the throat, lips, or face, severe dizziness, or itching be experienced.

Synephrine HCL: Synephrine is derived from the Citrus aurantium plant used for a variety of purposes in traditional Chinese medicine. Research indicates that it can act as an effective stimulant. After Ephedra was banned by the F.D.A., diet pill makers sought to discover an equivalent. They thought they had found it with Synephrine and, while Synephrine is effective, there is no research that points to Ephedra and Synephrine being comparable. Synephrine can help burn fat, suppress appetite and increase energy. However, clinical studies have revealed that Citrus aurantium induces a relatively modest increase in thermogenesis. Reported side effects include: increased heart rate and blood pressure, insomnia, nervousness, anxiety, tremor, dry mouth, blurred vision, and headache. Synephrine may also reduce the ability to urinate. Consult a physician if you have any history of cardiac disease, high blood pressure, anxiety, or urinary problems. Also, combining decongestants with other medicines with similar side effects may lead to dangerous complications.

7-OXO DHEA: This compound is a metabolite of DHEA, a steroid hormone. This ingredient has been shown to have a positive effect on thyroid hormone levels in obese people, without apparent side effects (see J Nutr Biochem. 2007; 18(9):629-34. Current Therapeutics, (7):435-442 2000). 7-OXO DHEA has been found to be safe in animals at high doses and in humans at up to 200 mg daily. 7-OXO-DHEA should not be taken if you are being treated with glucocorticoids, as it may interfere with their effectiveness.

Other ingredients in the LipoFuze formulation include cinnamon, phenylethylamine, ginger, and 20-hydroxyecdysone (a plant steroid considered to have anabolic activity in mammals).

Is Lipofuze effective?

User feedback on Lipofuze has varied. Some have reported fast weight loss in the first few days (water loss?) when combined with diet and exercise, but the rate of weight loss is lower than claimed by the manufacturers.

MeltRx 24 Ultra is a fat burning pill. There are ingredients, such as green tea extract and cinnamon extract, in MeltRx 24 Ultra that can cause side effects if taken in high concentrations.  In terms of weight loss, there are some beneficial ingredients in Melt 24 RX Ultra. It also contains ingredients useful for mental focus and mood – for example, Ginko, velvet bean extract, 5-HTP and Rhodiola rosea root. However, because most of the ingredients are contained in proprietary blends it is impossible to determine whether there is enough of any one ingredient to elicit significant weight loss. Moreover, no clinical study has been conducted specifically on MeltRx 24 Ultra’s effectiveness as a fat burner.

Melt RX Ultra Side Effects

From the available marketing information, MeltRx 24 Ultra promises to subdue appetite and promote weight loss, without the potentially dangerous side effects associated with some other weight loss supplements that contain strong stimulants. Due to non-disclosure of the strength of the key ingredient in MeltRx 24 Ultra, predicting potential side effects is difficult. However, there are ingredients such as green tea extract and cinnamon extract in MeltRx 24 Ultra that can cause adverse reactions (see below). User feedback online (positive or negative) on MeltRx 24 Ultra is very sparse, except for customer testimonials detailed on the Weightlossguide.com website.

MeltRX 24 Ultra pills have not been approved by the FDA, although the manufacturer states that the pills have been ‘made according to strict FDA guidelines.’

MeltRx 24 Ultra ingredients

Melt 24 RX Ultra contains a range of vitamin and three propriety blends: The Galangal blend, the Meltpro™ blend and the Maespro™ blend. The pill consists of 27 herbal ingredients and 14 minerals and vitamins. The five primary active ingredients in MeltRx 24 Ultra are: Galangal rhizome extract, Gymnema silvestre leaf extract, banaba leaf extract, cinnamon twig extract and Coleus forskolii tuber extract.

MeltRx 24 Ultra ingredients in detail

Green tea leaf extract: The extract is relatively high in caffeine and has been shown to facilitate weight loss. If sensitive to caffeine, possible side effects could include: restlessness, irritability, sleeping problems, tremor, heart palpitations, upset stomach, nausea, frequent urination and skin rash.

Coleus forskohlii: This herb is common to many fat burners. While the positive effects of Coleus forskohlii on weight loss have been established in one study (Journal of Obesity Research 2005 - Body composition and hormonal adaptations associated with Forskolin consumption in overweight and obese men), the results were not particularly strong. It has been demonstrated to enhance lipolysis and may also inhibit fat storage. A clinical study published in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (2005: 2(2): 54-62) indicated that there were no significant side effects - despite previous research indicating that Coleaus forskohlii may cause an increase in heart rate and decrease in blood pressure.

Galangal rhizome (Chinese ginger): There is evidence to indicate that galangal rhizome may inhibit fatty-acid synthase, but at present there is no strong evidence to confirm that it promotes weight loss. No side effects have been reported.

Gymnema silvestre leaf extract: Gymnema silvestre has been used in Ayurveda since the 6th century B. C. It has been shown to have a regenerative effect on pancreatic beta cells while curbing craving for sweet foods. No side effects have been reported, but researchers have not established whether this herb is absolutely safe for pregnant women or during lactation.

Banaba leaf extract: Banaba (Lagerstroemia Speciosa) is a botanical extract of the leaves of the banaba tree. In Southeast Asia and the Philippines, the leaves are traditionally used as an herbal medicine to treat diabetes and hyperglycemia (elevated blood sugar). Banaba has also been traditionally used to aid in cleansing the liver in the Philippines. To date no major adverse effects have been reported in medical journals.

Cinnamon twig extract: Cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum verum, C. zeylanicum, C. cassica) is harvested from a variety of evergreen tree that is native to Sri Lanka and India. The use of cinnamon dates back thousands of years to at least 2700 B.C. Chinese herbals from that time mentioned it as a treatment for fever, diarrhea, and menstrual problems. Indian Ayurvedic healers used it in a similar manner. Modern herbalists prescribe cinnamon bark as a remedy for nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and indigestion. Chinese herbalists recommend it for asthma brought on by cold, some digestive problems, backache, and menstrual problems. Cinnamon bark is also known to control blood sugar levels in diabetics. Cinnamon bark may cause an allergic reaction in some individuals. It is not recommended for pregnant or nursing women. Mild side effects include stomach upset, sweating, and diarrhea. Large doses can cause changes in breathing, dilation of blood vessels, sleepiness, depression, or convulsions. Excessive use of cinnamon bark may cause red, tender gums; mouth ulcers; inflamed taste buds; and a severe burning sensation in the mouth.

Full list of MeltRx 24 Ultra ingredients (from a third party website)

Galangal Proprietary Blend Green tea leaf extract, cinnamon twig extract and galangal rhizome extract standardized for biogenic amines 200mg * MeltproTM Proprietary blend 375.5mg MaesproTM Proprietary blend Simmondsin Extract, Spirulina velvet Bean standardized for Macuna Pruiens, Citrus aurantium extract, Nut Grass extract standardized for Octopamine, L-Glutamine, 5-HTP, Lecithin standardized for phosphatides, Rhodiola rosea root extract standardized for rosavins, Phosphatidylserine, and Coleus forskohlii tuber extract). 2075mg Thiamin B6 (as thiamin HCl) 1.5mg 100 Niacin (as niacinamide) 25mg 125 Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxal-5-phosphate) 10mg Folate (as folic acid) glycinate)** 300mcg Vitamin B12 (as cyanocobalamin) 200mcg Biotin 1mg Pantothenic acid (as D-calcium pantothenate) 10mg Calcium (as tricalcium phosphate and calcium citrate) 100mg Iodine (as potassium iodide) 50mcg Magnesium (as magnesium oxide and magnesium aspartate) 90mg Zinc (as zinc citrate and zinc arginate) 2.5mg Copper (as copper gluconate) 1mg Manganese (as manganese arginate) 2mg Chromium (as chromium chelate) 200mcg.

Pros

• The formula contains all natural ingredients
• Comes with a 30 day money back guarantee

Cons

• No official website dedicated to the product
• No clinical studies on the product itself
• The product is not sold in stores

Cylaris is a vitamin based weight loss supplement. There has been one clinical unpublished study specifically on Cylaris, but it only briefly dealt with possible side effects. However, due to the high caffeine content in Cylaris, it is likely that side effects could include insomnia, restlessness, and indigestion. A doctor should be consulted immediately if more serious side effects, such as difficulty breathing, a rapid heart rate or seizures are experienced.

Related article: Cylaris Review

Cylaris Side Effects

In the only clinical study carried out to date, the following Cylaris side effects were reported:

• Headaches
• Gas
• Dry mouth
• Diarrhea
• Insomnia

Based on the caffeine content of Cylaris, the following side effects are also possible:

• Insomnia
• Nervousness
• Restlessness
• Indigestion or heartburn
• Tremors or jitteriness
• Increased urination.

You should talk with your healthcare provider prior to taking Cylaris if you have:

• High blood pressure
• Glaucoma
• Any heart problems
• Diabetes
• Osteoporosis
• Anxiety
• Any allergies

Also, contact your healthcare provider if you are:

• Pregnant or thinking of becoming pregnant
• Breastfeeding

Cylaris ingredients

Each caplet of Cylaris contains the following ingredients:

• Vitamin B6 (25 mg)
• Folic acid (200 mcg)
• Vitamin B12 (25 mcg)
• Selenium (30 mcg)
• Chromium (75 mcg)
• Caffeine (100 mg)
• Cissus quadrangularis extract (amount not given)
• Green tea extract (amount not given)
• Soy albumin extract (amount not given)

Cissus quadrangularis, also known as “veld grape”, is the key novel ingredient in Cylaris. It is an herbal supplement used in Ayurvedic and alternative medicine. Medicinal uses of Cissus quadrangularis include the treatment of obesity and bone fractures. Cissus also possess analgesic properties on a mg per mg basis comparable to aspirin or anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen. The phytochemical analyses of Cissus quadrangularis reveal a high content of ascorbic acid, carotene, phytosterol substances and calcium; moreover, there have also been reports of the presence of sitosterol, amyrin and amyrone. The plant is also rich in the vitamins/antioxidants vitamin C and beta-carotene. The typical recommended daily dosage of Cissus extract is between 100 and 500 mg, depending on the concentration of the extract and the severity of symptoms. For the powder of the dried plant, the Ayurvedic texts recommend a dosage of 3 to 6 grams to accelerate fracture healing. Safety studies in rats showed no toxic effects at dosages as high as 2000 mg/kg of body weight. Commercial products containing Cissus quadrangularis seem to be safe when used appropriately in adults, short-term for up to 6-8 weeks.

Some people who took Cissus quadrangularis experienced side effects such as headache, flatulence, dry mouth, diarrhea, and insomnia. But there is not enough information to know how often these side effects might occur.

Drug Interactions

Cylaris can interact with a number of different medications. Make sure to tell your healthcare provider about any other medicines you are taking, including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.

Cylaris dosage

The recommended Cylaris dosage is two capsules with a glass of water twice a day. According to the manufacturer, more than four capsules in 24 hours should not be taken. Cylaris should also not be taken within five hours of bedtime. The manufacturer recommends that Cylaris be combined with a sensible diet and regular exercise for a total of eight weeks.

Common Misspellings: Claris, Cilaris, Cylarus

Many users mistakenly believe that snorting or injecting Adderall is safe because it is a prescription drug. They take Adderall at much higher doses than normally prescribed. But even people who snort or inject normal doses of Adderall are putting themselves at higher risk, because administering a drug in this manner permits direct entry into the bloodstream, making the drug more potent and dangerous.

Snorting Adderall effectively fast tracks it to the brain. The resulting blood pressure increase could cause serious heart rhythm problems. A stroke or an arrhythmia is also possible.

Snorting Adderall

In addition to weight loss, Adderall is frequently taken as a study drug because of its ability to enhance concentration and mental focus for long periods of time.

The reason that snorting some drugs causes a greater buzz than taking them orally is because of rapid absorption through the blood-rich mucous membranes of the nose.

Many users believe that snorting or injecting Adderall is safe because it is a prescription drug. They take it in very high doses, much higher than normally prescribed. But even people who snort or inject normal doses of Adderall are putting themselves at higher risk, because snorting or injecting drugs allows direct entry into the bloodstream, making the drug more potent and dangerous. Snorting Adderall can also damage nasal membranes and cartilage.

Snorting Adderall effectively accelerates its passage into to the brain. The resulting sudden blood pressure increase could cause serious heart rhythm problems. A stroke or an arrhythmia is also possible. Combining Adderall with alcohol further increases the risk of developing cardiovascular problems. Like other amphetamines, snorting Adderall can lead to tolerance and addiction. Withdrawal effects may be experienced if Adderhall is suddenly discontinued after continuous use.

Adderall: Weight loss pill of the stars?

Adderall (amphetamine-dextroamphetamine) or Adderall XR (extended release version) is currently classified as a stimulant medication used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy. Weight loss is a common side-effect of taking Adderall. Indeed, losing weight is one of the reasons why so many people abuse Adderall.

According to a recent report in the New York Daily News, a number of female celebrities have used prescription Adderall as a weight loss supplement. Reports even suggest that some of these celebrities have resorted to crushing and snorting these pills as a way to deliver a quicker effect.

Symptoms of Adderall overdose

Taking too much Adderall or Adderall XR could lead to symptoms that could include:

• Hyperactivity (trouble sitting still)
• Fast breathing
• Confusion
• Fever
• Muscle pains
• Shakiness
• Aggressiveness
• Hallucinations

If you happen to overdose, seek medical attention immediately.

Coming down from Adderall

When coming down from Adderall a number of adverse effects such as exhaustion, tension, radical mood swings, depression and even strong violent tendencies may be experienced.

Long-term effects of Adderall

Long-term effects of repeated use of amphetamines such as Adderall can include:

• High blood pressure and a rapid and irregular heartbeat
• Chronic sleeping problems
• Potential loss of appetite
• Anxiety, tension and sudden aggressive outbursts
• Amphetamine psychosis, where symptoms of paranoid delusions, hallucinations and bizarre behaviour may be exhibited (symptoms usually disappear a few days after stopping use of amphetamines
• There is also some evidence that brain cells can be damaged

Adderall side-effects that need to be reported

There are a number of serious side-effects in taking Adderall that need to be reported to a healthcare provider. These include, but are not limited to:

• Suicidal tendencies
• Mental confusion
• Chest pain or heart palpitations
• Shortness of breath
• Depression
• Strange or more aggressive behavior than normal
• Hallucinations
• Agitation or restlessness
• Fainting
• Seizures
• Unexplained rash
• Hives
• Uncontrolled movements of the head, neck, mouth, arms, or legs (known as tics)

Related article: Adderall: Celebrity Weight Loss Pill

Disclaimer: This website and its contents are intended for information purposes only, and are not meant to diagnose any disease or recommend treatments.